Category: Electronics theory

Starting from the characteristic curves published by General Electric, I digitized and analyzed the 2D21 thyratron grid current to build a reproducible compact mathematical model. In this article I describe the full process, from replicated digitizations and uncertainty estimation to family normalization, identification of common functions, and quantitative validation of the 2D21 Level-1 v0.1 model.

A study of the Koren triode model: equations, parameter meaning, limitations, 6BX7-GT fitting and independent LTspice validation.

From the 6BX7-GT datasheet to a SPICE model: Koren equations, global fitting, parameters, residuals, metrics, and model limits.

How a triode works, how to read plate curves, and how to choose the operating point, with numerical examples based on the 6BX7-GT.

An LED is a p-n junction diode that emits light through the recombination of electrons and holes. The color depends on the band gap of the semiconductor material. Current must be controlled, not voltage, to avoid damage…