GX-TXT IR Remote Tester
In progress
by giux 1 article last on September 3, 2026 0 comments
The GX-TXT IR Remote Tester is a small experimental instrument designed to verify the operation of infrared remote controls while also allowing their transmitted signals to be studied directly.
The project began with a deliberately simple goal: to use an IR photodiode and an analog signal chain built mainly with BJT transistors, without relying on an integrated IR receiver that would hide much of the signal behavior. This makes it possible not only to check whether a remote control is working, but also to observe how the received signal is amplified, processed, and converted into the voltage that determines when the indicator LED turns on.
The circuit sensitivity is adjustable, and its response depends not only on the amplitude of the received signal but also on the duration and number of IR bursts. A hold network on the HOLD node converts the received activity into a slowly varying voltage that controls how long the LED remains on. This made it possible to experimentally characterize the relationship between equivalent photodiode current, sensitivity setting, number of pulses, maximum voltage reached at HOLD, and the duration of the visual indication.
An important part of the development was initially carried out using a virtual photodiode, designed to generate known and repeatable currents. This made it possible to compare the LTspice simulation with the real circuit under controlled conditions before moving on to measurements with a real photodiode and actual remote controls.
With the GX-TXT-v3 version, the project reached a dedicated PCB, with test points designed to monitor the main nodes of the signal chain. Measurements at the VIR node showed that the photodiode signal retains enough information to directly observe the IR carrier, reconstruct MARK and SPACE intervals, and even experimentally identify the transmitted protocol. Dedicated GNU Octave scripts were also developed for these analyses to process CSV files exported from the oscilloscope.
The GX-TXT is therefore intended to be more than a simple “tester that lights an LED”: it has gradually become a small experimental test bench for studying IR reception, analog amplification, thresholds, time integration, and remote-control protocols. The articles collected on this page document the entire development process, from schematics and simulations to PCBs, real measurements, and the software tools used to analyze the signals.
Software used
- GX-TXT – IR Protocol Analysis and Identification with GNU Octave Technical description of the GNU Octave algorithms used to analyze IR signals, reconstruct MARK/SPACE, and experimentally identify remote control protocols.
- GX-TXT – GNU Octave Software for HOLD and LED Dynamic Analysis Collection of GNU Octave scripts for analyzing HOLD/LED acquisitions, automating measurement campaigns, and extracting global features from experimental results.
Documents and handouts
- Vishay — Data Formats for IR Remote Control (doc 80071, Rev 2.3, 2024) It defines the three basic encodings (bi-phase, pulse-distance, pulse-length), then RC5 and NEC in detail with timing, and closes with an AGC compatibility table for a large number of formats (RC6 mode 0, SIRC 12/15/20 bit, Kaseikyo/Panasonic, RCA, Sharp, Toshiba, etc.).
- NXP / Freescale — AN4152, Implementing an IR Blaster on HCS08 (Rev 1, 2012) It treats RC5 (Manchester) and NEC (pulse-distance) in parallel as the two encoding archetypes, with full timing and PWM/CMT timer generation algorithm.
- Microchip — AN2452, CIrCC (Consumer Infrared Communications Controller) Cleanly described NEC frame: 38 kHz carrier, 13 ms sync, 32 bit PPM, custom code + complement.
- Renesas — AN-CM-418, NEC Protocol Implementation (SLG47011) (Rev 1.00, 2025) Very precise NEC timing (562.5 µs; '0' = 1.125 ms, '1' = 2.25 ms; leader 9 + 4.5 ms; carrier 38.222 kHz) and complete message structure, including the extended variant.
- Infineon — AN2023-03, Infrared Remote Control (Rev 1.0, 2023) NEC, NEC Extended and RC5, with layered classification (physical / data-link / network / application) useful for the decoding part.
- Guri, Bykhovsky, Elovici — IREXF: Data Exfiltration from Air-gapped Networks by Infrared Remote Control Signals (arXiv, 2018) Security paper, not on the protocols themselves, but section II provides a clean background on carrier, protocols and reception (mentioning HS0038B and the 35–41 kHz band).
- Sonelec-Musique — Protocole et codes RC6 (FR) Explicitly documents that an official RC6 specification does not exist and reconstructs it by reverse engineering
- SB-Projects (San Bergmans) — IR section It includes all protocols (RC5, RC6, NEC, SIRC and others), each with frame structure, timing, toggle bit and auto-repeat.