How an IR Remote Control Works: Carrier, MARK, SPACE and NEC Protocol

Oscilloscope capture of a real IR command annotated with Header MARK, Header SPACE, MARK, SPACE and repeated transmission.

How an IR remote control works, explained from real oscilloscope measurements: carrier, MARK, SPACE, header, bit timing and NEC identification.

#38 kHz infrared #digital communication #electronics #embedded systems #infrared communication #infrared remote control #IR carrier frequency #IR decoding #IR receiver #IR remote control #IR signal #IR waveform #mark and space #NEC address #NEC command #NEC frame #NEC IR protocol #NEC protocol #pulse distance encoding #remote control protocol

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Laboratory Diary – A Transistor-Based NE555 as a Test for Giux-CalcLab

Waveform Viewer di Giux-CalcLab con due pannelli che mostrano le forme d’onda periodiche di un multivibratore astabile discreto.

A circuit inspired by the NE555, built entirely with transistors, resistors, capacitors, and diodes, becomes a test bench for the SPICE simulator I am developing on my server.

#555 timer #astable multivibrator #BJT #circuit simulation #discrete transistor circuits #electronic simulation #Giux-CalcLab #NE555 #ngspice #NPN transistor #PNP transistor #SPICE #SPICE netlist #transient analysis #waveform viewer

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GX-TXT-v3: First Measurements with a Real Photodiode and IR Remote Control

Setup di misura della GX-TXT-v3 con telecomando IR, righello per fissare la distanza e riferimenti per rendere riproducibile il posizionamento.

GX-TXT-v3 tests with a real photodiode and IR remote reveal the 38 kHz carrier, burst timing, and NEC-family protocol.

#38 kHz carrier #Everlight PD333-3C/H0/L2 #GNU Octave #GX-TXT-v3 #infrared electronics #infrared remote control #IR carrier #IR photodiode #IR protocol analysis #IR remote control #MARK SPACE timing #NEC extended #NEC protocol #oscilloscope measurements #real photodiode #VIR node

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GX-TXT-v3: HOLD Node Dynamics and LED On-Time

Famiglia di curve del tempo di accensione del LED in funzione della corrente I_SENSE per cinque regolazioni di P_SENS, con P_GAIN mantenuto a circa 500 ohm.

GX-TXT-v3 HOLD-node dynamics: burst charging, exponential discharge, LED on-time and sensitivity characterization with GNU Octave.

#2N3904 #analog electronics #BAT54 #capacitor discharge #circuit analysis #circuit measurement #experimental electronics #GX-TXT #GX-TXT V3 #HOLD circuit #HOLD node #infrared remote control #IR receiver #IR Remote Control Tester #LED on time #LTspice #PCB testing #RC time constant #SPICE simulation #transistor circuit

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GX-TXT-v3: Sensitivity, Threshold, and Output Chain Characterization

Banco di misura della GX-TXT-v3 con fotodiodo virtuale, oscilloscopio Rigol e multimetro OWON durante la caratterizzazione di POT_GAIN, POT_SENS e della tensione HOLD.

GX-TXT-v3 sensitivity and threshold testing, following QIN, HOLD and orange LED behavior across gain and sensitivity settings.

#circuit simulation #electronic measurements #GX-TXT-v3 #HOLD circuit #infrared detector #infrared remote control #IR Remote Control Tester #LTspice #orange LED #output stage #PCB testing #POT_GAIN #POT_SENS #QIN amplifier #sensitivity adjustment #threshold circuit #transistor amplifier

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GX LII-2 – Lab Log: Bode Measurements with Reactive Loads and Fixture Limitations

GX LII-2 reactive-load Bode tests reveal fixture limits, repeatable phase rotation, and impedance-dependent measurement effects.

#A/B compensation #Bode measurements #capacitive loads #DUT impedance #feedback loop #FFT analysis #fixture limitations #frequency response #GNU Octave #GX LII-2 #injection point #injection transformer #Loop Gain #LTspice #oscilloscope measurements #phase measurement #phase rotation #reactive loads

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